Introduction
The site admin area has been designed to try to make it easy for you to manage your site – this doesn’t mean it will do everything and it doesn’t always mean it will do the things the way you expect it to!
Where appropriate, we have followed conventions that you might be familiar with (such as those in MS Word), but please understand that this isn’t Word and there are very good reasons why it is slightly different.
Having said, please share your experience with us and let us know where we have got things right or where we can improve things to help you.
Please contact your agency with feedback.
What if the site doesn’t do something you want it to?Please let us know if you would like to extend your website functionality, the website is built using the Factonomy Framework, a powerful platform which can be used for much more complex functionality for this site, integration with other business applications or indeed to create your own functionality, be that for business applications, Intranets and Extranets.
If you can’t find what you are looking for please don’t give up. You can get further assistance from your agency.
The Admin AreaUsing the online admin area will enable you to maintain your site.
Before you startBefore you start administering the site you will need:
A PC connected to the Internet (broadband) using Internet Explorer (V6.2 or higher).To navigate to http://www.yoursite.comNavigate to your admin area at http://www.yoursite.factonomy.com
Disable Pop-Up Blockers
To edit pages, you must have ‘Pop-Up Blockers‘ disabled for the admin site.
In Internet Explorer you can do this by clicking ‘Tools’ then ‘Pop-up Blocker’ followed by ‘Allows allow pop-ups from this site…’
Username and PasswordEnter your username and password and click Submit.
Editing Page Content
The page content module allows you to administer content in all site pages (except home and news).
You can administer ‘body’ content ‘galleries’ and ‘panels’; as outlined below:
Before You Start – General Content Editing Tips
Please take the time to read this section carefully so that you understand why the editor works as it does.
From the menu, select the section or type of content that you wish to administer:
You will then see a list of all of the pages or articles that can be managed
Select the page you want by ‘double clicking’ on the Title.
Writing Text
-
Click in a paragraph of text anywhere on the page. - Type a couple of words.
- Click somewhere else and delete a couple of words.
- Select a piece of text and overtype with something different.
- Create a new paragraph by hitting Return.
- SAVE your changes
- View your changes on the site.
This was a simple example of how you will add content.
Before going any further PLEASE read the next section about Rules and Structure.
Rules & Structure
Administrating a site is not exactly the same as creating a document - for example, in MS Word. A site has rules and structures in place which make it fundamentally different to creating a document in Word.
It is important to realise that when you add content to a site you are building a structure which must conform to rules - once you understand this, the reasons for some of the content management functions will become clear.
Without understanding that you are not working in a word processor, you are likely to become quickly frustrated.
The rules provide the structure with some flexibility (and therefore complexity), but if we look at a typical example it will explain the concept of a ‘site structure’:
- Site
- Page
- Content
- Element (E.g. Table, Image, Paragraph, Gallery)
- Attributes (i.e. property or an element; colour, width, etc.)
- Element (E.g. Table, Image, Paragraph, Gallery)
- Content
- Page
Each Element has Attributes.
Attributes are the properties of an Element.
Colour, Alt-text, filename, etc. are all Attributes. They are the sole property of a single element.
For example:
Image (Element)
Alt Text (Attribute)
Left-Aligned (Attribute)
File name (Attribute)
Table (Element)
Colour (Attribute)
Headers (Attribute)
Space between cells (Attribute)
An element can (depending on the rules of the site) exist within another element.
For example
- Element (e.g. paragraph)
- Element (e.g. Table)
- Element (e.g. Table Row)
- Element (e.g. Table)
The rules are set to ensure that the style, features and functions look professional and work properly.
For example, the rules allow you to add a Panel to PanelBar:
- Content
- Panelbar
- Panel
- Panelbar
In most cases, the rules stop you from adding a Panel to a Table:
- Paragraph
- Table
- Panelbar
- Table
Rules don’t only control what can go where, but they also control how elements are styled.
A simple example of a styling rule:
Click in the body text:
You’ll see that the icons are coloured (available).
Now click on a Heading and you’ll see that they ‘grey out’ (unavailable)
This is because the style guide allows you to make body text bold, but doesn’t allow you to make a heading bold.
You don’t have to ‘worry’ about breaking these rules.
The editor will only present you with options that comply with the rules and structure– once you get used to this it makes perfect sense, but equally, if you don’t understand this then editing the site can become frustrating.
Searching Content in Admin
The search box has a drop down filter which allows you to search by different fields in the items.
The filter will be automatically set to search in some fields, but you can amend this for every search (and search across multiple fields too).
You do not have to enter the entire word, before searching:
Saving Changes
AS YOU WORK THROUGH THE INSTRUCTIONS WHICH FOLLOW, SAVE FREQUENTLY. THEN IF YOU DO SOMETHING WRONG, SIMPLY CLOSE XOPUS WITHOUT SAVING YOUR LATEST EDITS, AND START AGAIN FROM EDIT THIS PAGE
Save frequently using the Save button:
Expanding the editor
The initial view of the editor can be expanded to fill the whole screen.
Click the ‘expand’ button on the right-hand side of the editor.
This will give you a full screen view of the editor.
Note: To save you will have to click the ‘reduce’ icon at the top right so that you can view from the original view.
Undo
‘Undo’ is a very useful function indeed by ‘undoing’ things you’ve done since your last save.
Hold CONTROL-Z
Re-do
Once you have done an ‘Undo’ the option to reverse the process becomes available:
CONTROL-Y.
The Editor Toolbar
Many icons in the toolbar are familiar from other software. We have Save, Refresh, Print and Spell-check. Further along there are Delete, Undo and Re-Do, Cut Copy and Paste, Find and Replace, Bold Italic and Underline, Bullets and Numbering, Indent and Decrease-indent, all familiar in word processing, email and many other types of software. They do exactly the same in the editor as they do anywhere else.
There are also a number of icons with which you may be less familiar, though they all exist within some other Windows software. We will now look at some of these and see what they do in the editor.
u can edit every element of the editor using either the icons on the Toolbar above the page or a menu system which is accessed from the Contextbar below the page.
Page Elements Control
The page element is the most important part of the editor to understand to ensure that you can manage the site effectively.
As has been explained above in Rules and Structure the site has a structure made of a series of ‘elements’.
- Site
- Page
- Content
- Paragraph
- Element
- Attributes
- Element
- Paragraph
- Content
- Page
Each element can have different properties – these are called Attributes. For example, a Table can have different colours and column numbers – colours and columns are attributes of elements.
If you’re unsure about this please read Rules and Structure.
Elements are added, deleted, moved and defined using the following icons:
Add Elements
You can add Elements to the element the cursor is ‘in’ by clicking the ‘plus’ icon.
For example, adding a Paragraph to a table.
Place your cursor inside the table.
Select ‘Paragraph’.
The options you can add are self explanatory. Some, such as lists, have their own icons in the toolbar which you can read about in Text Formatting Controls
Delete Elements
Place the cursor in the element you wish to delete.
Click delete and then select the element you wish to delete.
The example below shows a cursor placed in a Table.
Because the cursor is in a cell you will have the option to delete the Cell, Row or the entire table.
Move Elements Up and Down
We have already explained how the site has a structure which contains elements in Rules and Structure.
- Page
- Element
- Element
- Etc.
- Element
- Element
These elements can be moved ‘up’ and ‘down’ within the structure of the page.
This function is also a great example of how the structural rules affect your editing experience.
In this example the cursor is on the Paragraph Text.
Clicking ‘Up’ allows me to move the paragraph up.
When I move the paragraph up above the Heading to the top of the page then the up arrow is ‘greyed’ out – This is because the editor knows that the Paragraph is at the top of its page and the rules prevent it moving further.
You can do the same by moving clicking on the Heading text and moving it back up the page.
Edit Element Attributes
As mentioned in Rules and Structure, each element has attributes, some of which you can control.
The attribute menu will change depending on what element you place the cursor in.
Text Editing Controls
Undo
or CONTROL-Z
‘Undo’ is a very useful function indeed by ‘undoing’ things you’ve done since your last save.
Re-do
or CONTROL-Y.
Once you have done a Re-do the option to reverse the process becomes available by clicking ‘Undo’.
Cut
or Control-C
You can highlight some text and cut.
Once the text is cut you then have the option to paste it somewhere using the paste icon or CONTROL-P
Copy
or CONTROL-C
You can copy text into the editor page from any source, e.g. elsewhere on the current page or another page of your site, your word processor, an email, another website, etc. Whenever you first cut, copy or paste your internet browser asks if you want this webpage to have access to your clipboard.
Click ‘Permit Access’ (or equivalent words).
Open the item from which you want to copy, SELECT your desired text, COPY it using whatever toolbar icon or shortcut key works in the software you are in (CTRL-C usually works) return to Xopus and PASTE using the toolbar Paste icon or CTRL-V.
The text you paste in appears in the basic typeface for the site, regardless of original fonts, though some features such as emphasis (bold etc), indenting, paragraph numbering and bullets, are preserved.
You can also copy text into headings, tables, panels and any other elements. Try copying work in exactly the same way as above.
You can copy a table, or part of one. and its structure of rows and columns is preserved, though the fonts and some other characteristics such as cell borders appear as defined within the theme of your site, regardless of how they are set in the source you copied from.
Paste
or CONTROL-V
When you have Cut or Copied text you can paste it using the paste icon.
Find
Find text inside the page you are editing. Clicking the icon will open a text field at the bottom of the editor. Add your word or phrase here and if they are present in the page they will be highlighted.
You can select the search to be Case Sensitive so it will match lower-case or Capital letters.
Using the next or previous buttons will move the cursor to the next found item.
Please note that you cannot edit until you switch the Find function off. Do this by clicking the ‘Find’ icon.
Replace
Replace is an extension to the find function.
Enter the word you want to find and the word you want to replace it with.
Replace or ‘Replace all’ words.
Text Formatting Controls
Bold
Highlight text.
Click Bold Icon or CONTROL-B
Italic
Highlight text.
Click Italic Icon or CONTROL-I
Underline
Highlight text.
Click Underline Icon or CONTROL-U
Superscript
Highlight text.
Click Superscript Icon.
Subscript
Highlight text.
Click subscript Icon.
Lists – Bulleted & Numbered
A list may be either ordered (numbered) or unordered (bulleted).
The style of the lists has already been set by your agency.
You can go on adding to the list using the RETURN key to start each new item.
To finish the list click RETURN twice.
Page Features - Misc
Link To Sites, Documents & Email Addresses
Links can be used for three main things:
- To navigate to another webpage on a website (either yours or someone else’s)
- To open a document that is stored in the site database (e.g. Word or PDF)
- To open your email client with an email address populating the ‘To’ field.
Although they do very different things, you follow the same basic process to create all links:
1. Type and highlight the ‘link text’ in the content editor.
2. Insert the ‘location’ of where the link should point.
3. Select the ‘Class’ for the link (for docs, links, email, etc.)
Type and highlight the text you wish to make ‘a link’.
OR
(For a document link it is helpful to include its size in or beside the link)
Enter the location of the link or document.
Click the Link Icon:
For site links either add the page name of your site or the address of the page you want to link to:
To link to a page in your site enter the page name:
You will find the name in the address bar of your browser.
To link to an external site such as BBC sport you would insert the full name of the page you wanted to link to.
It is often more accurate to go to the page you want and copy its address, than to type it from memory or from a pencilled note.
You can then select the class of link to add an icon to the link suggesting where the link goes.
To link to a document you will need to use the Browse button.
Click Browse
You will be presented with the option to select any documents already uploaded or to upload a new document.
Once you select the file it will automatically populate the ‘target’ field in the form.
You can now select the Class of link to ‘style’ the link appropriately.
Leaving this blank will still create the default style for your site.
Note:
The class only affects the style of link – so setting the class to PDF will not make the link into a PDF.
To link to an email then enter the email address as the target:
Edit a Link
Click on the link
Click on the lower menu bar.
Click on Attributes
Edit the form
Delete a link
Click on the link and then click the delete icon – this will delete the link, but leave the text on the page.
Or use delete in the lower menu option:
Tables
Tables can be useful for displaying related information in an easy to understand format.
The tables that you can add to the site are very flexible with size, layout and colour all being flexible.
Giving Tables flexibility increases the complexity of managing them.
First we will look at adding a basic Table.
Then we will explain the controls for a table.
Basic Table Controls
As well as manually creating a table you can cut and paste a table from your word processor into the editor and then use the techniques outlined below to modify the table.
Adding a Table
Click on the Table icon in the Editor Toolbar.
To start you have to select the number of rows and columns you want the table to have.
Also, you can select whether you want the first row and column to be ‘header’ cells by ticking the boxes (this can be adjusted when the table is on the page).
This table will have 3 columns and 3 rows. The top row will be a header cell.
Click in the table and you can begin to enter text.
Select Table Colour
Right click on the table to reveal the colour scheme option.
Select the appropriate colour
You also have the option to ‘suppress row colours’.
Define Table Borders
Right click on the table and select borders.
Choose the border style you wish to apply to that table.
Add more rows and columns
You can add rows or columns to an existing table using the ‘insertnode’ feature.
Right click on the table and navigate to ‘insertnode’ to reveal the options.
Edit Table Attributes
There are a number of table elements that can be edited.
Create a table and adjust the attributes to see how these affect the table style.
Testing these controls will quickly reveal how flexible the table style can be.
Images
Place the cursor where you want to place the image (You can move it later if you need to).
Click on the Image icon.
A form called ‘Edit Image Attributes’ appears.
The ‘red outlined’ fields are required, which means you must fill them out before you can ‘ok’ the change.
Browse for an image already uploaded
Select an Image for the page or add on to the site.
This is similar to adding a link
Click Browse
A field is displayed containing thumbnails of all the image files currently available on the site.
Below each the size in pixels is shown.
Click one of these thumbnails to select the image.
OR
Upload a new image by clicking on ‘Upload a new image’:
This opens the Image Upload Wizard.
Click Browse.
This puts you back into your own computer, where you can browse to a folder containing images which you want to have on your site.
Double-click the image you want. This brings its filename into the box in the Image Uploader, and click Next.
On the next screen you have to define the size you want your picture to be on the webpage.
The editor scales your picture to the size you pick, but see below for some tips on re-sizing pictures in your computer before uploading them.
Use the drop-down to select a size.
Either of the ‘auto’ sizes will retain the shape of the original image.
If you select any other option your picture may be distorted either horizontally or vertically.
Click Next.
On the next screen you have the opportunity to crop the picture by pulling the edges of the cropping box until they enclose the bit you want.
If you want the complete image, just pull the box to include all of it.
Click Next.
The final screen of the Upload wizard lets you, optionally, provide a new filename.
This is not essential, as when you are choosing an image to insert on your web page you do so from thumbnails not filenames, but you might nonetheless prefer to assign descriptive names to your pictures.
On the final screen of the wizard you simply click Finish. The thumbnail of the new image is then included in the list from which you can select it as described in section 11 above
Label
This is for ‘Alt-Text’. Alt (alternative) text is used for screen readers or for browsers that are not displaying images.
Use of alternative text on all images is an essential if you want your site to be compliant with accessibility standards.
The alt-text should describe what the user can see. To write appropriate alt-text consider how would answer this question down the telephone to someone who couldn’t see the screen:
Please can you describe the image to me?
The description should be written with consideration to the audience who are likely to use your site.
You have to make a judgement on how much detail you put in the alt-text and its relevance to the image context. For example:
“A green car on a country road.”
“My test-drive of the new Jaguar XF with lowered sporting trim on the back roads of Scotland.”
Obviously both descriptions are accurate, but the second gives much more detail – perhaps used in a site about motor cars.
Optimising Images before Upload
There are countless books and voluminous websites devoted to working with images on the computer, and many and clever are the tricks of graphic artists and designers. But you don’t have to be an expert to be able to improve your pictures for presentation on the web.
Most people have some sort of image editing software. New computers may come with something already loaded, e.g. Microsoft Office Tools which includes Microsoft Photo Editor. Digital cameras usually come with some image software. And there are many dedicated products on the market.
You can use any of these software packages to crop a picture, to sharpen it, which can improve its appearance on the web, lighten or darken the image, change the colours or even merge two or more pictures together to create some special effect.
But the most important attribute is size.
Even though the editor will re-size your pictures during import, it is better to make them the right size on your own computer before uploading.
Decide in advance how big you want the pictures on your website to be.
Since not all pictures are the same shape, you may decide to standardise on either height or width. This is by no means a rule.
Sometimes you may want a picture to be wide and shallow, or the reverse, tall and narrow, so there is certainly no need to be too rigid. But in general, pictures of uniform size and aspect throughout the site give it a professional appearance.
Reducing size reduces the number of pixels per inch, thus reducing definition. Since the standard of web image definition is considerably less than the average used by a good digital camera this should not matter too much, but reducing by a very large factor might make a picture a little fuzzy.
Conversely, increasing the size does not increase the definition and increasing too far can cause the image to pixelate. If you scan a picture which is intended for your website, scan at least 300 dpi (dots per inch).
Though the web definition is less than this, scanning at the higher definition gives you room to edit the picture before uploading it.
Label
This is for ‘Alt-Text’. Alt (alternative) text is used for screen readers or for browsers that are not displaying images.
Use of alternative text on all images is an essential if you want your site to be compliant with accessibility standards.
The alt-text should describe what the user can see. To write appropriate alt-text consider how would answer this question down the telephone to someone who couldn’t see the screen:
Please can you describe the image to me?
The description should be written with consideration to the audience who are likely to use your site.
You have to make a judgement on how much detail you put in the alt-text and its relevance to the image context. For example:
“A green car on a country road.”
“My test-drive of the new Jaguar XF with lowered sporting trim on the back roads of Scotland.”
Obviously both descriptions are accurate, but the second gives much more detail – perhaps used in a site about motor cars.
Align an Image
You can align an image and give it a frame by using the options available in ‘class’.
Symbols
There are a number of symbols that can be added using the symbol function in the editor:
Line Break
A line break returns the cursor to the next line without creating a new paragraph.
Generally, paragraphs will be styled so that they have a line between them – using linebreak will keep the text in the same paragraph and avoid adding the extra line.
Non-Breaking Space
This allows you to keep a phrase together on the same line. For example the phrase ‘Hot Potato’.
Adding a non-breaking space will ensure that if this phrase occurs at the end of a line.
Panelsbars
Panel bars can be added to the right hand side of the page.
They are quite similar in many ways to the management of the Homepage panels.
Adding a Panelbar
Adding a ‘panel’ to a page is done in three steps:
1. Adding the panel
2. Defining a panel colour
3. Adding panel content.
Adding the Panel
Place the cursor anywhere in the Editor control.
Click the ‘Add Element’ icon.
Select ‘Panelbar’.
A panel will now be dropped onto the page in the default style.
Defining Panel Colour
Each panel can be coloured in one of six colours.
Place the cursor in the Panel.
Click on the ‘Edit Attributes’ icon.
Select Panel
A form will appear with the styles available for the Panel:
Select the appropriate colour.
Add more Panels by placing the cursor in the Panel and using the 'add element' icon.
Adding Panel Content
You can add content as per the body of the site, keeping in mind the limited size of each panel.
Hint - With 1 line used for a ‘bold’ heading, the panel bar will hold 140 characters of body text.
Changing Panel Order on a Page
As with other components, the editor has a ‘move element’ function that allows the user to move the panels up and down the page.
Managing and Editing Galleries
Feature Images are the names given to the images that are featured in the gallery – you can see an example of this at: Home>Applications> Backlights.
The editor allows the user to add ‘feature images’ to any content page, but beware that the design has been created so that Feature Images only sit in the sub-section pages of Applications, Markets and Technology.
There are two steps to adding Feature Images to a site.
Adding a Gallery function to a page
Adding Content to the ‘Gallery’
Adding a Gallery to a Page
Click Home>Page Content
Double click on the name of the sub-section page you wish to add a gallery to. This will open the page editing area.
Place the cursor in the page editing box.
Click the 'Add Element’ icon to reveal a pop-up list and select ‘Feature’.
Click "Add features"
This will drop the 'Feature Image’ into the editor.
You will not see any images yet, but below you can see the area where you can add content introducing the gallery.
The right-hand box is for text. Populate as appropriate.
Save the ‘Feature Images’ element BEFORE navigating away from the tab.
Uploading Gallery Images and Media
Adding an image to the ‘Feature-Image’ is done in two steps.
Add the image that will appear in the scrollable image area on the page.
Add the image or Media File that will pop-up when the site visitor clicks on the scrollable image.
Highlight the page you wish to add the gallery image to and then click ‘Gallery’.
Click 
You will now see a form which can be used to describe and upload the image.
Description
The description appears only in the Admin Area – when you save the image you will see it in the first column of ‘Feature Images’ items.
Caption
The caption will appear below the image when viewed in the pop-up light box.
(Hover) Alt text
The Alt-text should describe the image as it would be described over the telephone when answering “What is it a picture of?”: “A white telephone on a desk”.
Gallery Image
The image thumbnail that will be displayed on the site before the user clicks to enlarge.
This image will be automatically re-sized to fit the gallery, although its proportions must be 4:3 in landscape.
Media Viewer File
This is the media that will appear when the user clicks on the 'gallery image' (defined above). In most cases this will be an image, but it can also be a .SWF file for flash movies.
The image will displayed in 'real size'. It is recommended that you do not upload images that are too large as they will be too big for the screen and take too long for the user to download. Recommended approximate dimensions are 500 X 500.
Click Save
Administer Homepage Panels
The homepage has been given its own editing module as it is made of distinct panels which can be edited separately.
All of the panels, except for the lower right ‘Contact Us’ panel (which is a static image) can be edited in the admin area.
The Panel bars the size is restricted to protect the design integrity.
For instructions on editing text and images see the section: Edit Text and Contextual Images
Open a Homepage Panel
Click the Homepage tab from the left hand menu in admin:
There are two types of panel. ‘Panel’ and ‘Rollover’.
Double click on a list item.
Hint - The title ‘about’ reminds you which panel you are editing.
Choose a Homepage Panel Colour
Every panel can be rendered in one of six colours:
Grey, blue, green, red, purple and orange.
To choose the colour:
1. Click the cursor anywhere in the panel
2. Click on ‘Attributes’ and select Panel.
3. Select a colour for the Panel and click OK.
Save Changes
Remember, to save your changes then you need to click Save below the ‘homepage’ tab:
Administer News
The management of News is undertaken in separate module because the articles are managed in a database, enabling you to create summaries and define publishing and archiving.
- Click on News to open the News admin module.
- Create a News Article
- Having opened the news module, click Insert .
There are several fields you can populate on this page:
URL Shortname
This will be the name of the page in the address bar.
E.g. ‘designfreedom’ would be http://www.yoursite.com/designfreedom
Summary
The summary is an optional content area.
By adding a summary you can control the summary text that is read on the News page (as opposed to the individual News Article Page).
If you do not add a summary then the body text will appear as the summary.
Hint – See existing articles at Home>News.
Body
This is where the main body of content is placed.
Edit content; see Page Content
Published Date
You can choose to control the publishing date.
Archive
By selecting archive the News article will be removed from the site, but will remain stored in the database.
Created Date
This field is automatically populated once you click Save.
Click Save
One of the best slide presentations I've seen, beautifully structured, succinct and one to learn from (if you're interested in making a good slide show - as well as the credit crunch!).
These are a list of links to resources which are relevant (at least slightly) to declarative development.
Application Development Tools
K2 is a declarative tool for developing 'process lead' applications.
Events
Keep an eye out for 2009.
Experience and Talent
Tim Bray (co-founder of XML 1.0)
(no relation, as far as I know!).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Bray
Jeff Atwood's blog 'Coding Horror' has a recent post asking for thoughts on the best way to avoid messy code or 'soup'.
It makes an interesting (if rather long) read with most responses to the article taking one of two approaches to avoid the dreaded soup:
The first approach starts from the premise that code must be used to develop an application and therefore the best way to improve application development is to be a 'better coder' be that through intellect or through code generation tools/libraries, etc.
The second approach questions whether whether code is the best starting point for the development of an application. They agree that code can be improved, but question whether we should use code at all. Notably, declarative is mentioned frequently as an example of a better technique for producing applications.
Obviously I'm with the second approach, but it is very encouraging to read that declarative development is being openly recommended as the best way to avoid messy, in-efficient... soup!
PS - Looking back in history - a very similar argument was heard about twenty-five years ago, but in that instance it was with regard to database development. One group said that databases were complex and required code. Another group said that database development could be declarative and SQL was a good approach - one of the companies in the second group is quite well known; Oracle.
Google have announced that they, like Factonomy, are going to take advantage of Declarative XML to increase application development efficiency.
This is great news. At Factonomy, one of our biggest challenges is evangelising about the efficiency Declarative XML - now that Google are following I'm sure more people will accept that declarative development has happened.
You can read more about Google's announcement in Kurt Cagle's article on O'Reillly:
"As with many organizations, Google's team has also needed to split up their development efforts, so that web designers do not need to be programmers (and more importantly, do not need to endlessly spend their time validating and debugging low level code), and the core developers could spend time building components...." read more in Kurt's article or read Google's own release.
